It was only at the end of the 19th century, with all Russian
distilleries adopting a common production technique and quality standard, that
the name ‘vodka’ was officially and formally recognized.
In 1894, the Russian chemist D.M. Mendeleev,
after conducting a year and a half of research (that’s over 547 hangovers),
discovered the ideal recipe for Russian vodka.His formula was immediately recognized as superior by
distilleries across Europe and is still used today.
Russian soldiers involved in the Napoleonic Wars helped
spread the awareness of vodka (amongst
other things) to many parts of Europe throughout the 19th century.The increase in popularity led to
escalating demand and, as a result, lower grade products were produced – based
largely on distilled potato mash.
Vodka was first brought from Russia to France in the early 19th century. The positive reception by French aristocrats signaled the systematic export of Russian vodka to other European countries. (Mercí)
For many years in Russia, river sand or felt
were used to remove impurities in vodka.In the 18th century a professor in Saint Petersburg, discovered a method
of purifying alcohol using charcoal filtration which is still being used today. Who says science can’t be fun?
By the middle of the 17th century, the
production of grain spirits in Russia became the prerogative of the
nobility.Every nobleman produced
his own brand of vodka.As a
result, a great variety of Russian vodkas appeared by the 18th century.(And a great many Russian noblemen
began waking up on the floor.)
Charka: an old Russian measure of liquids used for vodka retail sales beginning from the 16th century. A charka contained a single serving of vodka -- which initially contained 150 grams (about 5 ounces) of 40 proof vodka. In the 19th century, when vodka reached strengths of 80 to 90 Proof, a smaller serving of 70 grams (about 2.25 ounces), approximately half a charka, was approved.
Since early production methods for vodka were crude, distillers often flavoured their vodka with fruit, herbs or spices to mask impurities. (Now we just do it for fun.)
The word ‘vodka’ is derived from the Russian word for water: ‘voda.’ Vodka is simply the diminutive form of ‘voda’ that, sometime after the 14th century, began to take on its own independent meaning as a strong alcoholic drink. (And Russians have been drinking vodka like water ever since.)
I'm occasionally out and about promoting The Vodka Cookbook (published in association with Smirnoff Vodka). Watch this space for photos from my various publicity adventures. You've heard of reality television? Well this is the same thing...only slower and less interesting.